feat(caldav): app-specific passwords so MFA accounts can use CalDAV

CalDAV clients send only user+password over Basic Auth and can't provide a TOTP
code, so account passwords would bypass 2FA. Add revocable app passwords:

- models: AppPassword table (bcrypt hash, label, last_used); auto-created via
  create_all
- profile_router: GET/POST/DELETE /profile/app-passwords (plaintext shown once)
- dav_router: Basic Auth accepts any app password; the account password is
  accepted only when 2FA is disabled
- frontend: "App-Passwörter (CalDAV)" section in the profile modal (create/show-
  once/copy/revoke) + i18n (de/en); login hint now says app password

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>

frontend/css/app.css

@@ -1472,6 +1472,12 @@ a { color: var(--primary); text-decoration: none; }
   background: var(--surface-2); color: var(--text-1);
 }
 .ct-dav-hint { font-size: 11px; color: var(--text-3); margin-top: 6px; max-width: 640px; }
+.app-pw-create { display: flex; gap: 8px; align-items: center; }
+.app-pw-create input { flex: 1; }
+.app-pw-new { margin: 8px 0; }
+.app-pw-item { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; padding: 6px 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--border); }
+.app-pw-name { font-weight: 500; }
+.app-pw-meta { font-size: 11px; color: var(--text-3); margin-left: auto; }
 .ct-eye, .ct-bell { opacity: .45; transition: opacity .15s; }
 .ct-eye[data-ct-visible="1"], .ct-bell[data-ct-on="1"] { opacity: 1; }
 .ct-eye:hover, .ct-bell:hover { opacity: 1; }

frontend/index.html

@@ -995,6 +995,26 @@
         </div>
       </div>
 
+      <!-- App passwords (CalDAV) -->
+      <div class="settings-section">
+        <h4 data-i18n="app_pw_title">App-Passwörter (CalDAV)</h4>
+        <p class="text-muted" data-i18n="app_pw_desc">Eigene Passwörter für CalDAV-Clients. Bei aktivem 2FA nötig, da Apps keinen 2FA-Code eingeben können. Jederzeit widerrufbar.</p>
+        <div class="form-group app-pw-create">
+          <input type="text" id="app-pw-label" data-i18n-placeholder="app_pw_label_ph" placeholder="Name (z.B. iPhone)" maxlength="100" />
+          <button class="btn btn-primary btn-sm" id="app-pw-create-btn" data-i18n="app_pw_create">Erstellen</button>
+        </div>
+        <div id="app-pw-new" class="app-pw-new hidden">
+          <label data-i18n="app_pw_new_label">Neues App-Passwort (nur jetzt sichtbar):</label>
+          <div class="totp-secret-row">
+            <code id="app-pw-new-value"></code>
+            <button class="btn btn-ghost btn-sm" id="app-pw-copy" title="Kopieren">
+              <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" width="16" height="16"><path d="M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z"/></svg>
+            </button>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+        <div id="app-pw-list"></div>
+      </div>
+
       <!-- Calendars -->
       <div class="settings-section">
         <h4>Meine Kalender</h4>

frontend/js/calendar.js

@@ -4144,6 +4144,50 @@ function bindProfileModal() {
       document.getElementById('2fa-disable-pw').value = '';
     } catch (e) { showToast(e.message, true); }
   };
+
+  // ── App passwords (CalDAV) ──
+  const appPwList = document.getElementById('app-pw-list');
+  document.getElementById('app-pw-new').classList.add('hidden');
+  document.getElementById('app-pw-new-value').textContent = '';
+  async function loadAppPasswords() {
+    try {
+      const rows = await api.get('/profile/app-passwords');
+      appPwList.innerHTML = rows.length
+        ? rows.map(r => `<div class="app-pw-item">
+            <span class="app-pw-name">${escHtml(r.label)}</span>
+            <span class="app-pw-meta">${r.last_used_at ? t('app_pw_last_used') + ' ' + new Date(r.last_used_at).toLocaleDateString() : t('app_pw_never_used')}</span>
+            <button class="btn btn-ghost btn-sm app-pw-del" data-id="${r.id}">${t('app_pw_revoke')}</button>
+          </div>`).join('')
+        : `<p class="text-muted">${t('app_pw_none')}</p>`;
+    } catch (e) { /* ignore */ }
+  }
+  loadAppPasswords();
+
+  document.getElementById('app-pw-create-btn').onclick = async () => {
+    const label = document.getElementById('app-pw-label').value.trim() || 'CalDAV';
+    try {
+      const res = await api.post('/profile/app-passwords', { label });
+      document.getElementById('app-pw-new-value').textContent = res.password;
+      document.getElementById('app-pw-new').classList.remove('hidden');
+      document.getElementById('app-pw-label').value = '';
+      loadAppPasswords();
+    } catch (e) { showToast(e.message, true); }
+  };
+
+  document.getElementById('app-pw-copy').onclick = () => {
+    const v = document.getElementById('app-pw-new-value').textContent;
+    if (v) navigator.clipboard.writeText(v).then(() => showToast(t('app_pw_copied')));
+  };
+
+  appPwList.onclick = async (e) => {
+    const btn = e.target.closest('.app-pw-del');
+    if (!btn) return;
+    if (!confirm(t('app_pw_revoke_confirm'))) return;
+    try {
+      await api.delete(`/profile/app-passwords/${btn.dataset.id}`);
+      loadAppPasswords();
+    } catch (err) { showToast(err.message, true); }
+  };
 }
 
 function updateTopbarAvatar(hasAvatar) {

frontend/js/i18n.js

@@ -124,7 +124,18 @@ const translations = {
     caldav_rotate_confirm: 'Neuen Token erzeugen? Die bisherige URL wird ungültig und bestehende Abos müssen mit der neuen URL neu eingerichtet werden.',
     caldav_hint: 'Jeder mit dieser URL kann diesen Kalender abonnieren und bearbeiten – kein Login nötig. Über CalDAV-fähige Clients (Apple Kalender, Thunderbird, DAVx5) einbinden.',
     caldav_login_url: 'CalDAV-URL (mit Login):',
-    caldav_login_hint: 'Alternativ im Client ein „CalDAV-Konto" mit dieser Server-URL sowie deinem Benutzernamen und Passwort hinzufügen – dann werden alle deine veröffentlichten Kalender gefunden.',
+    caldav_login_hint: 'Alternativ im Client ein „CalDAV-Konto" mit dieser Server-URL sowie deinem Benutzernamen und App-Passwort hinzufügen – dann werden alle deine veröffentlichten Kalender gefunden.',
+    app_pw_title: 'App-Passwörter (CalDAV)',
+    app_pw_desc: 'Eigene Passwörter für CalDAV-Clients. Bei aktivem 2FA nötig, da Apps keinen 2FA-Code eingeben können. Jederzeit widerrufbar.',
+    app_pw_label_ph: 'Name (z.B. iPhone)',
+    app_pw_create: 'Erstellen',
+    app_pw_new_label: 'Neues App-Passwort (nur jetzt sichtbar):',
+    app_pw_last_used: 'zuletzt',
+    app_pw_never_used: 'noch nie genutzt',
+    app_pw_revoke: 'Widerrufen',
+    app_pw_none: 'Noch keine App-Passwörter.',
+    app_pw_copied: 'App-Passwort kopiert',
+    app_pw_revoke_confirm: 'Dieses App-Passwort widerrufen? Clients, die es nutzen, verlieren den Zugriff.',
     share: 'Teilen',
     import: 'Importieren',
     export: 'Exportieren',
@@ -428,7 +439,18 @@ const translations = {
     caldav_rotate_confirm: 'Generate a new token? The current URL will stop working and existing subscriptions must be re-added with the new URL.',
     caldav_hint: 'Anyone with this URL can subscribe to and edit this calendar — no login required. Add it in a CalDAV-capable client (Apple Calendar, Thunderbird, DAVx5).',
     caldav_login_url: 'CalDAV URL (with login):',
-    caldav_login_hint: 'Alternatively add a "CalDAV account" in your client using this server URL plus your username and password — it will discover all your published calendars.',
+    caldav_login_hint: 'Alternatively add a "CalDAV account" in your client using this server URL plus your username and app password — it will discover all your published calendars.',
+    app_pw_title: 'App passwords (CalDAV)',
+    app_pw_desc: "Dedicated passwords for CalDAV clients. Required when 2FA is on, since apps can't enter a 2FA code. Revocable anytime.",
+    app_pw_label_ph: 'Name (e.g. iPhone)',
+    app_pw_create: 'Create',
+    app_pw_new_label: 'New app password (shown only now):',
+    app_pw_last_used: 'last used',
+    app_pw_never_used: 'never used',
+    app_pw_revoke: 'Revoke',
+    app_pw_none: 'No app passwords yet.',
+    app_pw_copied: 'App password copied',
+    app_pw_revoke_confirm: 'Revoke this app password? Clients using it will lose access.',
     share: 'Share',
     import: 'Import',
     export: 'Export',

frontend/js/version.js

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 // Increment APP_VERSION with every code change
-export const APP_VERSION = 'v67';
+export const APP_VERSION = 'v68';