Web: eight more UI languages behind a single language registry

Adds Swiss German, French, Italian, Dutch, Danish, Norwegian, Swedish and
Finnish — ten selectable languages, each complete at 418/418 keys with
matching placeholders and date arrays.

A language used to be registered in four unrelated places (dictionary,
settings dropdown, date-picker locale ternary, resolver fallback), so
adding one meant touching all of them. LANGUAGES in i18n.js is now the
single source of truth: adding a language is one entry plus one
dictionary, and the dropdown derives from it.

The registry also separates the stored code from the BCP-47 tag used for
formatting. That distinction is what makes 'ch' safe — "ch" is a country,
not a language, and would throw if handed to Intl; it maps to de-CH.

Fixes locale handling along the way: fmtTime/fmtDatetime in calendar.js,
month.js and week.js hardcoded 'de', so English users saw German-formatted
times, and two toLocaleDateString() calls silently used the browser locale
instead of the app language. All formatting now goes through getLocale().
Missing keys fall back language → English → German rather than straight to
German, and the dead per-dictionary `locale` key is gone.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

frontend/js/utils.js

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { DEFAULT_COLORS, INSTANCE_DEFAULTS, baseColor } from './settings-sync.js';
+import { getLocale } from './i18n.js';
 
 export function isToday(d) {
   const now = new Date();
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ export function birthdayIconSvg() {
 }
 
 export function formatDate(d, opts = {}) {
-  return d.toLocaleDateString('de', opts);
+  return d.toLocaleDateString(getLocale(), opts);
 }
 
 export function dateKey(d) {